Thursday, August 27, 2020
Opposing the Death Penalty Essay -- Against Capital Punishment Essays
Contradicting the Death Penalty The death penalty is the punishment of capital punishment on an individual sentenced for a wrongdoing. Executing indicted criminals has been one of the most broadly rehearsed types of criminal discipline in the United States. In any case, this exceptionally dubious type of discipline isn't done in the entirety of the states in the country. As of now, the states that don't rehearse capital punishment are: Alaska, Hawaii, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, North Dakota, Rhode Island, West Virginia and Wisconsin. In any event, for the states that do implement capital punishment, it has been a subject of discussion for a long time. In this paper, I will survey the significant issues identified with the death penalty with an accentuation on restriction to it. There are two gatherings who contend over the choice to accept an individual's life as a discipline for a wrongdoing. There are numerous purposes of conversation including whether it is a fitting and sensible discipline, regardless of whether it goes about as a hindrance to wrongdoing and whether it is ethically nonpartisan or ethically off-base. These two classes of individuals can be gathered as the 'retentionists', and the 'abolitionists' (Americana 596). For the retentionists, the principle reasons they are on the side of capital punishment are to render retribution and to rebuff. Their fundamental concern is the assurance of society from perilous crooks. The retentionists have some smart thoughts, yet they are still off-base. The abolitionists see capital punishment as ethically and legitimately off-base. Further, they contend that it doesn't go about as an obstacle for wrongdoing, it is irreversible and could be utilized on a guiltless individual, it is more costly than detainm ent, and that the individuals who are con... ...iego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1997 ?The death penalty.? Reference book Americana. 1990 ed. Draper, Thomas. The death penalty. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1985. Gibeaut, John. ?Capital punishment an energetic issue.? Aug 2002: 70-74. Criminal Justice Periodicals Proquest. Roesch Library, Dayton. 18 October 2002. <http://library.udayton.edu> Leone, Bruno. ?Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1998 McMillon, Rhonda. ?Looking for a reasonable punishment.? Sep 2002: 70-72. Criminal Justice Periodicals Proquest. Roesch Library, Dayton. 18 October 2002. <http://library.udayton.edu> Mitchell, Hayley. The Death Penalty. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2001 Nathanson, Stephen. An Eye For and Eye? Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2001 Pohier, Jacques. ?The Death Penalty and Torture.? New York:Seabury Press, 1979
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Research Paper on Money and Banking Essay Example Essay Example
Research Paper on Money and Banking Essay Example Paper Cash and Banking Research Paper G. Bramble surely appears to have revived some significant fundamental standards of reaganomics in his residency as leader of the USA. The current monetary strategy of the Bush organization can be called expansionary because of the extraordinary tax breaks and increments in barrier spending. The Federal hold then again utilizes prohibitive money related arrangement so as to balance the impacts of the present government increments in spending on the US economy. So as to more readily comprehend the effect of the expanded government spending on the GDP, one ought to comprehend the financial system as spoke to by the GDP equation. Y=C+I+G+T+NX or Y=C+S+TWhere Y = genuine yield (GDP), C = genuine utilization consumption, I = genuine venture use, G = genuine government use, NX = genuine net fares, S = genuine sparing, T = genuine (net) charges = charges - move installments From adjusting the terms in the recipe noted over one can acquire the accompanying: Research on Money and Banking Essay Body Paragraphs NX = (S-I) + (T-G) which relates legitimately the net fares (sends out less imports) to the genuine reserve funds less ventures and assessments less government spending. During the administration of George Bush, expansionary fiscal arrangement would imply that the legislature had radically expanded government spending on the military and other open fills in as started by Bush (Dam, 61). The second significant supporter of the expanded total interest and monetary assets accessible available was the tax breaks which expanded genuine utilization use. The expanded utilization and measure of cash available which shows up because of such government spending had the accompanying effect on the economy: Increased expansion, CPI Increased GDP The Fedââ¬â¢s contractuary approach which implies foundation of bankââ¬â¢s hold necessities, financing costs and different estimates impacts the US economy in the accompanying way: Increased Interest rates. Pull in cash from abroad for reinvestment to the USA Control over the trade rates. During the First Bushââ¬â¢s term as a president the USA had seen some significant spending in the nation, which unquestionably outperformed reserve funds and pulled in outside credit from abroad. In more straightforward terms that implied that outsiders are offering products to the USA in return of US dollars and afterward empty these dollars once again into the USA to permit Americans buy these merchandise using a loan since Americans right now spend more than they procure, so they need some credit. Because of the expanded spending, the costs of merchandise and enterprises increment as observed during the main presidential term of G. Bramble. The nearness of additional money available pushes the loan fees down and the truly low financing costs in the USA only a couple of years back give us that. Simultaneously as the normal American gets more from abroad as outsiders put the assets earned in the USA back in the USA the USA turns out to be increasingly more utilized and dangerous, so the loan fees at last will tend to increment. Or on the other hand by a similar token the costs of products and ventures will in general increment if these organizations need to fuse the dangers in the merchandise rater than in the loan fees legitimately (Heintz, 142). The USA dollar had considered a to be as it would be seen as getting more dangerous than before because of the incredible influence of American credit framework. The Fed would expand the financing costs somewhat to set up a breathing room for control and better control of the money related arrangement. Except if, there is no change to the current financial and money related approach to make them both to some degree progressively moderate/contractuary/prohibitive to lessen not just the administration spending yet rather the borrowings made Americans. While a few borrowings may be acceptable as Americans can expand the GDP because of the expanded spending just as appreciate low financing costs and simple access to capital, unreasonable borrowings make the nation and the economy hazardous and precarious which would cause speculators request higher loan costs for the assets. In the event that the circumstance proceeds for what it's worth at present into the following quite a while, one would expect the loan fees in the USA increment further, much the same as the CPI and the national obligation making the US dollar unsteady and more vulnerable than the Euro. By what method will the Bernankeââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"savings glutâ⬠idea fit into segment changes the world over? So as to give an adequate response to this inquiry, one should utilize a good judgment clarification for the idea of ââ¬Ësavings glutââ¬â¢ which positively identifies with the present financing by the national banks in Asia of the US current record shortage. While everybody realizes that sparing is acceptable, the basic propensity in the USA is to spend beyond what one can spare. Th e issue is that in the cutting edge worldwide economy the remainder of the world as spoke to by Europe, Asia and Latin America is sparing excessively while spending nearly nothing. This marvel is the thing that one calls the ââ¬Å"global investment funds glutâ⬠The reserve funds overabundance wonder as introduced by Bernanke permits one to comprehend US exchange shortages, the shortcomings of the US monetary framework and the trouble (existing issues) in accomplishing something with the deficiency and the shortcomings. One learns in school that investment funds is acceptable since it permits one to bear the cost of costly things, for example, home, vehicle or a college educational cost just as sets up a wellbeing edge which would ensure a person against startling crisis use or retirement. For the general society reserve funds speaks to a capacity to put resources into new organizations, manufacturing plants, advancements, plants and organizations. The investment funds as we pr obably am aware them stay in the fringe of the nation, for example Americans set aside their cash in America, while the Japanese spare in Japan. These investment funds consequently offset with the loan fees and stock costs. So if individuals spare more than organizations need to contribute the loan fees will fall and thusly empower speculation and diminish reserve funds in the nation. Practically speaking this present reality circumstance is unique. During the 1970s and 1980s when the Breton Woods framework was considered obsolete and the capital controls limited the residents from moving capital into outside stocks and other money related paper. These days, banks, insurance agencies, venture and shared assets, not to mention singular governments participate in moving capital abroad looking for circumstances. The figures are fairly high with significant European forces having contributed a few trillion dollars abroad. For example in 2003, Germany had over $4 trillion put resources i nto reserve funds abroad, while France had $3.2 trillion kept in outside investment funds. The cutting edge reserve funds don't stay appended to one nation with Japanese sparing over 24% of their salary and keeping 75% of these investment funds in outside nations. Most Asian nations like China, Japan, Korea or Indonesia are high savers with most of the cash heading off to the USA. The present circumstance when most of merchandise streams into the USA, implies that Americans can spend more and spare less. During the 1990s the over the top reserve funds particularly those originating from abroad went legitimately into the financial exchange filling it for quite a while. Since the securities exchange developed, Americans felt as getting wealthier and in this way wanted to spare less and spending more on products and ventures which thusly would additionally improve the corporate exhibition and the financial exchange which expanded the arrangement of these Americans (Dam, 64). The remote cash particularly those from the outside banks would go to the US obligation and value advertise keeping the loan fees low. The low loan fees would mean moderate home loans. The expanded interest for lodging would build the costs of houses and make Americans wealthier since the estimation of their hoses increments. This thus would permit them to spare less and devour progressively (French, 287). As of now, the US expanded utilization and low investment funds rates outperform the remote high reserve funds and low utilization rates. The present US exchange shortage depends intensely on imports, while remote moderately little spending on the US merchandise hurt the US makers/sends out. The craving of outsiders to keep the cash in the US banks builds interest for the US dollar on the forex showcase and by expanding its worth decreases seriousness of the US merchandise. The European Union, Japan and Canada purchase over 47% of the US trades. Up till present the present framework seems a s though an enormous reusing plant where everybody benefits. The USA gets modest outside products which permit Americans to keep swelling at the very least level. Outside nations improve their economies as expanded creation can without much of a stretch sell on the US showcase. All things considered, this framework can't proceed inconclusively and it may contrarily affect all players. Outsiders may decide not to put resources into the USA which gets more dangerous and more hazardous, subsequently squeezing the US dollar. Dollar may fall against certain monetary forms. Still if these nations with expanded reserve funds didn't contribute at home, the worldwide financial development would be ended or the US recuperation would likewise be tempered. The exchange shortage implies that US business may endure as imported products would move creation abroad. At last, I might want to take note of that the US gigantic exchange deficiency and the remote countriesââ¬â¢ tremendous reserve fund s present worldwide threat since the USA can't control anything. The way that outside nations spare in the USA implies that there are at present no household investment funds openings or no created utilization. The Asian nations which as of now power the USA the best incline toward send out arranged economies and decreased neighborhood utilization. The unstable economy of Latin America dissuade speculations, while Europeââ¬â¢s substantial tax collection and various guidelines likewise make the USA the main venture open door for outsiders. The main route for Americans to endure this circumstance is to remain the best speculation open door on the planet, since the
Friday, August 21, 2020
Important things to cover in your content campaign
Important things to cover in your content campaign Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Important things to cover in your content campaignUpdated On 30/05/2019Author : Ram kumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : https://hbb.me/2YU0CKv CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWriters put in a lot of their effort and time in coming up with the content that is creative and engaging at the same time. But the content is good for nothing if it does not reach the target audience. A well-written content paired with the right strategies to market it can do wonders.To make sure that you are doing everything you could to market your content, here are a few basic things you ought to consider:How are to defining your content?In trying to make our title sound as catchy as possible to grab everyoneâs attention, we tend to miss an opportunity. As Search Engine Optimization specialists such as VM Interactive will tell you, the title of the content is essential for the search engines. The keywords that you incorporate in your content need to be used in the title as well. Trust me, it is not a hard nut to crack. The keyword that you might have picked will be relevant to the content, right? Just make sure that you mould your title around it. Also, try to use the keyword as early as possible in the title. This will make it easier for the search engine crawlers to analyze your content for SEO purposes.On point meta descriptionsThe content in the snippets that you see for different websites while searching for a topic in search results is known as meta description. Each website/article needs to tailor its meta description according to the SEO standards.While meta description should briefly explain what your content or article is about, it should also take into account the character limit and the keywords that you are going to incorporate. The meta description should be an apt description that compels the readers to click open the content.For a successful campaign, you should carefully address the meta descriptions. Give then time as they are the first impression your audience are going to judge your content on.Images and their Alt textsAs much as we like to add images in our content, it is not always advisable to glut your content with the visuals. Be wise with the visuals. Only use the ones that are relevant to the content and donât just add images just for the sake of making the content appealing.READTips On Choosing Accountant Equipment For Your Small BusinessMoreover, for a content campaign to successfully work, its images ought to be optimized as well. In many instances, people tend to miss the ALT text. Do not miss the ALT text as it is what describes your image to the search engine. You do not need to incorporate keywords in the ALT text necessarily. Just be very concise with adding the ALT text in the image.Optimize content for the socialWith every increase in the number of social media users, the platform has a lot of potential for bu sinesses. You should optimize content for social media as well.Just below the snippet editor window, you will see the social icons. Click on the social icon to check if the featured image that you are using works for the social platform or not. You have the option to upload a different featured image for the social platforms. As the user base for Facebook is different from Twitter and other platforms, you can tailor a modified meta description for each as well.Write a meta description that the audience on Facebook is going to get enticed with the most. This way, you will be tailoring your content as per different audienceâs needs.Track your backlinksOne of the most essential things to make sure that your content campaign is doing good, is by tracking the backlinks. Backlinks or the inbound links provide a sort of authenticity to oneâs content. The more the backlinks, the higher the authenticity. But keep in mind that getting as many backlinks as possible is not the goal. It is t he productivity of these links that is important. A backlink from a website with an extensive outreach is way better than the multiple ones with mediocre traffic.Also, make sure that the backlinks that you are getting are not spam. If the spam filled backlinks stay for long, they could slow down your website. Keep a check on all of your backlinks and monitor that every now and then.These are some of the essential tips that help you achieve the target of your content campaign. Make sure to keep these in mind before you prepare a strategy for your next content campaign.
Monday, May 25, 2020
The Health and Social Care of the North Stafford-shire Combined NHS Trust in the United Kingdom Free Essay Example, 3000 words
When the board accepts the responsibility, there is the need for the nominated board member to come up with a strategy and process for the formulation and integration of important strategies and policies for dealing with health and safety matters. This can be done through the four phases presented by Hughes and Ferreett (2012). They include the Planning Phase, Performance Phase, Performance Assessment Phase, and Performance Improvement Phase. The planning phase will involve the formulation of a policy statement and this is done by the identification of hazards and risk assessment (Hughes and Ferrett, 2012). This will be done by evaluation risks and hazards by engaging in discussions with employees and other stakeholders (Creighton and Rozen, 2012). This will include analysis of information from stakeholders and statutes and laws that are relevant in order to come up with the framework for the implementation. Once obligations are identified and carried out there is the need to meet t argets and identify best ways of implementing the policy plans and policy framework. There must be worker responsibilities and a safety committee. When performance issues are identified, there must be a review of the effectiveness of the health and safety system on a regular basis. We will write a custom essay sample on The Health and Social Care of the North Stafford-shire Combined NHS Trust in the United Kingdom or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page
Thursday, May 14, 2020
The Significance of Haji for a Muslim Essay - 1272 Words
The Significance of Haji for a Muslim Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam. This is the pilgrimage to Mecca which Muslims must do at least once in their lifetime. This makes Muslims feel complete once they have completed the Hajj, but they are only allowed to do Hajj if they are physically and financially supported, they must also be able to provide for there families whilst on Hajj, they must also have the money to pay for Hajj without resorting to dishonest ways of raising the money. The pilgrimage is a journey with a spiritual meaning to a place special to them. If this is not possible this is when Niyya comes into it, which is when someone has the intention to go on Hajj but are not eitherâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦You have to be ready to go on your Hajj and you also have to apply for a Hajj visa which you can only get hold of one if you are a Muslim, this is so that tourists can not just go as a spectator because this is a religious occasion. Once the Muslims have planned to go to Hajj they have to carry on with th e other four pillars of Islam before there Hajj to show that they are committed to there religion. They then fly to Jiddah airport where they will arrive at the Hajj terminal where they will be greeted by a guide who will house them during Hajj and who will also look after them and show them around Mecca and take them all the way through there Hajj. Once they get to Mecca all the Muslims change into their Ihram which is two white cloths which are a sign of purity and equality which is also to show that they are ready and from that day until the end of there Hajj they are not allowed to cut their nails or shave. The following day the got to the Kaba where they walk around it seven times getting closer and closer each time and many Muslims try to touch it or try to kiss it as a sign of good luck whilst they are on their Hajj. They then walk between Safa and Marwa which are two small hills which are now enclosed under domes and joined by a walk way. They would then go on to the Zam Zam Well where they wouldShow MoreRelatedReligion Values, and Culture Identity Development Essay3014 Words à |à 13 PagesPhinney , 1990 (as cited by Haji et al 2011).Cultural identity has been defined as a psychological relationship between cultural and racial minority group members with their own group ââ¬Å" , Phinney , 1990 ( as cited by Haji et al 2011).According to Phinney , there are 3 essential components that are responsible for the psychological relationship and importance of cultural identity i.e. ââ¬Å"cultural values and behaviors , sense of group membership and minority status experience (Haji et al 2011).Social identityRead MoreThe Catholic Church1587 Words à |à 7 Pagesan 3:185). The Five Pillars: The Five Pillars of of islam teaches devotion to Allah and thus are the most important practices for Muslims. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Effect Of Physical Development During Adolescence On...
How do the differences in the speed of physical development during adolescence affect the academic, social, sexual, and emotional development of boys and girls? During adolescence, teens often struggle with their body changes, mood swings and social issues, these effects both teens and their families. It is important for both to understand what is happening to the teen physically, cognitively, and socially in order to build a healthy relationship. Physical development occurs rapidly during teen years, which includes rapid gains in height and weight, changes during puberty like growth of pubic hair, menarche, first menstrual period for girls or penis growth for boys, voice changes for boys, growth of underarm hair, facial hair growth forâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Some teens have better thinking skills, like developing advanced reasoning skills which allow them the ability to think about many options and possibilities. Some develop mental thinking skill which means thinking about things that cannot be seen, heard, or touched. For example this may include things like faith, trust, beliefs and spirituality. They develop the ability to think about thinking which allows the teen to think about how they feel and what they are thinking. These many changes affect teens because at this stage teens become extremely self-consciousness. They tend to believe that everyone is as worried with their thoughts and behaviors and it allows teens to believe there is imaginary audience or people are always watching them. Teens tend to believe that no one else has ever experienced similar feelings and emotions. There are five psychosocial issues that teens deal with during their adolescent years which are establishing an identity, establishing autonomy, establishing intimacy becoming comfortable with one s sexuality and achievement. When a teen is establishing their identity they question who they are. A teens parents, other caring adults, friends are one there biggest influences on who they become. A teen that has established independent have gained the ability to make and follow through with their own decisions, live by their own set of values of right and wrong and have become less
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Starbucks Australia Market Analysis-Segmentation & Demographics
Question Find a product of two examples in your country or region, or from your own reading. the products of the companies should be mainly a service and good respectively. a) explain how the example businesses have segmented the market for its major product and what its marketing mix strategies are? b) if you were the marketing manager involved, what part of (a) would you do the same and what would you do differently? why? Answer: About Starbucks: Starbucks as well as Costa coffee both are amongst top-ranked coffee shop which also has gained vast appreciation through their aimed and targeted marketplace. They have proper aim of supplying higher quality beverage goods chiefly coffee at premium prices with the rich experience which would enhance customers knowledge in outlets. The firms also have capitalized all their positioning within market through developing the outlets which are furnished along with the premium quality furniture which would be comfortable for consumers with supporting facilities like music and facilities for internet as well as handicapped admittance so that customers are supplied a complete excellent experience in stores. These firms have also successfully made their position like best place intended for meeting people except office plus home (Hadjinicola, Charalambous and Muller, 2013). The mere way towards entering novel markets also is to execute that similar international marketing strategy which the c ompanies also have been subsequent for every of its extension plan. Thus, they must also slowly enter markets of the Trinidad Tobago for the customers to enter the area accept concept of field coffee shops as well as carry an excellent understanding in coffee shop. Starbucks as well as Costa Coffee were both initiated as a very small shop for coffee and also have totally revamped the image through growing into single coffee retailer intended for people who actually want specialty coffees. Segmentation It is procedure by which any market is actually divided into separate groups of users with dissimilar needs, wants and demands. Presently, both Starbucks and even Costa coffee in Trinidad and Tobago are utilizing psychographic segmentation and target their users on the basis of values, opinions and lifestyle as well as personal characteristics. Within extra competitive market, the firms must try to properly diversify by source of appropriate demographic segmentation within which the firms could section its market on the basis of age, education as well as occupation. Starbucks as well as Costa coffee must also try towards appealing younger generation that goes to colleges as well as universities. Additionally, couples aged amid 25-55 through children could also be a good target market for the firms where whole family could indulge within sole experience and knowledge (Kotler, 1964). These segmentation plans and strategies could also increase customer base intended for both the firms. Demographic- The firms target its market on basis of age, sex and also divides the target market according to the demography on basis of variables like age, gender and even occupation as well as education level. Like the firms tries to attract people going to schools and colleges and even working professionals who like to spend behind meeting friends at luxurious places and in relaxing ecology.As per perceived advantages which the products provide the firm segments people who demand for exotic coffee and exclusive bread products. Benefits might also be perceived in a different way depending upon a users stage within life cycle. Psychographic Segmentation- This type of segmentation is done by both the firms where they divide the market as per theLifestyle of human beings using the goods and services of the firms. The firms measure this by studying activities, interests, as well as opinions of the customers. Both the companies also consider the way in which people expend their free time as well as which outside influences they also are mainly responsive to plus influenced by. This segmentation is greatly important for these firms as it supplies products that are expensive and exclusive and also unique (Gronroos, 1994). The actual target segment of the firms can be explained as: Age: 18 to 40 years Gender: Male as well as Female Occupation: on the basis of life-stage yet majority of students and faculty members plus managers, housewife as well as business person Lifestyle: daring, Fun-loving, socializing, Value exceptional customer service, Achievers, Thinkers, Innovators plus Experienced people Income level: on the basis of life stage yet slightly upon higher range Technology: People that are technology confident come to coffee shop in order to carry on their vital work plus love to use tablets, iPad, Mac etc. Targeting Targeting indulges making proper decision related to prioritization of the segments of the market for Starbucks as well as for Costa coffee increasing their total future share of the market. These firms must also continue towards targeting with all its psychographic segmentation through help of discrimination by supplying extra value to users (Charny and Farrow, 1986). Further, the companies also use proper customized targeting towards attracting the young generation using all proper attractive childrens foods and fruit drinks as well as milkshakes. Additionally, the firms include innovative and new energy drinks to the target youth. The firms also use competitive discrimination strategies for drawing customers to them other than towards their other competitors. Positioning Positioning is related to the way in which Starbucks and also Costa coffee products actually are perceived by all of its users and customers. Starbucks products also have forever been perceived through its impressive brand image (Alpert and Gatty, 1969). And costa coffee has always been expensive brand for users. Users here like to pay any price even a premium one for quality, reliable taste, ambience as well as accessibility towards the goods and services it provides to the users. While expanding their product line by introduction of the all novel fruit drinks as well as energy drinks intended for younger generation, the firm retains their greater quality as well as is ecologically friendly, because these are the aspects which youth are particularly aware of. Additionally, offering greater quality goods at their present price variety also helps the firms to enhance sales plus also keep users satisfied with quality as well as value. Marketing Mix Product- To be proper premium product within coffee trade, the firms aim at higher standards, opening of pioneering products as well as providing outstanding service collective with memorable experience. Both the firms products and their mixes prolonged from 8 vital categories of the drink types as well as 7 food categories to maintain with momentum plus to satisfy extra customer needs and requirements. They also have been continually introducing novel products, like four fresh VIA flavored coffees and tiresome towards attracting the tea drinkers through introducing all new Tazo Tea. Recognizing the customer detailed needs the firm also introduces fatless milk to its product line. They also have many seasonal offerings like strawberry and cream Frappuccino within summer plus gingerbread latte within Christmas. Going beyond, they even offer coffee as well as cappuccino makers intended for users who also like to buy them from any stores of these two firms (Matsumura and M atsushima, n.d.). To make sure that brand richness, above and beyond bringing best ingredients as well as quality management, they declare that all firms employees are regularly involved plus aware of all its total mission as well as aims and objectives. Price Generally price plus quality recognizes the exact value of product. Both the firms have forever tried to supply higher value to its consumers through buying superiority beans, making sure that all their employees get effective as well as efficient training, plus mostly, creating the ecology to enjoy the coffee in a relaxing atmosphere. For all this, the firms customer need to pay extra; it also is expensive. To maintain competitive edge, firms also started to offer about $1 for bottomless coffee cup, that could also be replenished anytime and also 50 cents which is less than other goods of these firms. As both the firms news site says that firms are even trying to apply some other services that are value added like, introducing some "breakfast pairings," that includes breakfast goods with coffee. This is also for targeting price aware customers. In Trinidad and Tobago, by the local standards, the firms are very luxury ones. They also never liked to decrease prices for the market even when they initiated. Coffee is also not grown within China at very large scales as a minimum not Arabica beans. Thus the rates are also high and is not affordable for common people. Place Mostly the firms are involved in channels intended for direct supply which is from producer to the consumer. Along with Starbucks as well as Costa coffees line of idea all such practice also is vital and even helps to maintain a personal relation with customer. In Trinidad and Tobago, particularly the firms could be found within any locality where a potential higher traffic exists for all their outlets particularly with the Coffee bar idea. Outlets could also be seen in many large chains. The main goal of both the firms is to position themselves in extremely visible locations as well as open stores in groups. It also was ideal place intended for individuals that are active and ones who enjoy the music otherwise even search for any break within busy life (Robinson, 1988). In Trinidad and Tobago this actually was very difficult task. Although stores carried same characteristics like in US, this market was a culture focused and also had unenthusiastic reactions towards the coffee, they also had to put their outlets in extra exposed areas like Beijing, where regional people also were exposed towards foreign rudiments compared to the suburbs. Promotion Their vital strategy also was not about spending money vastly upon advertising. Instead, the firms used more and more cash upon acquiring best spots. Prior to opening of novel stores, both the companies also organized vast community measures highlighting every areas personality like Community service. Further all such data were also imprinted upon the mugs as well as t-shirts for proper promotion activities. They even established the smart partnerships along with already understood regional representatives that acted like local ambassadors towards promoting their brands. They even introduced cards of company; aiming all their appreciated customers towards promoting their goods. While purchasing a proper gift card, customer not merely showed brand loyalty, yet this even provided free promotion, attracting novel customers. Current Strategy After proper analysis of the marketing tactics it is known that Starbucks plus Costa coffee in reality are following proper differentiation strategy. Initially, vital element of the businesses actions were focused strategy along with very strong stress upon creating discriminated goods within target customer market. Moreover, the firms have realized that this also needs to reinforce its position within market through developing a delineation strategy as well as success of the firms is apparent from fact which it has urbanized an admirable marketing mix intended for all their users and consumers. For expanding their functions in global market, the firms offer same experience towards global customers through supplying them finest quality goods and aesthetically intended ambiance. They have also made sure that there exist uniformity within all of their marketing actions through using merely third party standard for supporting their goods as well as service offerings (Wang, 1997). A key rudiment of proper differentiation strategy always has been to introduce novel plus innovative products within market as well as Starbucks and even Costa coffee also have been greater than their consumers expectations through offering them goods that were completely different from obtainable ones. Recommendations The firms named Costa coffee as well as Starbucks were intending to serve new segment in Trinidad Tobago, they actually needs to make sure that they get into market through following similar strategy for all segments which they have always followed in every of their global expansion projects. While taking into consideration all marketing strategies, a proper PESTEL analysis as well as SWOT of the market needs to be done and then decisions are to be taken. The firms need to open new outlets within Trinidad Tobago. The firms also need to introduce some novel products related to beverages plus fast food substances in outlets. Starbucks and even Costa coffee should try to open new outlets in each Trinidad Tobago with intention of imprisoning 10% share of the market For successfully attaining market, marketing strategies as well as programs which need to be implemented within respective novel markets are the following: During the first year in Trinidad Tobago, firms need to organize proper promotion events through which people of locality will be then asked to call venue as well as interact with the workforce. On all the outlets, users must be provided some discount on purchase of beverages as well as on revisits. Advertisements would also be done as in forms of billboards plus posters with interleave with regional newspapers in order to attract extra customers to these outlets. References Alpert, L. and Gatty, R. (1969). Product Positioning by Behavioral Life-Styles. Journal of Marketing, 33(2), p.65. Charny, M. and Farrow, S. (1986). Risk targetting: an approach to costcontainment. Health Policy, 6(4), pp.363-372. Gronroos, C. (1994). From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing: Towards a Paradigm Shift in Marketing. Asia-Australia Marketing Journal, 2(1), pp.9-29. Hadjinicola, G., Charalambous, C. and Muller, E. (2013). Product Positioning Using a Self-Organizing Map and the Rings of Influence. Decision Sciences, 44(3), pp.431-461. Kotler, P. (1964). Marketing Mix Decisions for New Products. Journal of Marketing Research, 1(1), p.43. Matsumura, T. and Matsushima, N. (n.d.). Patent Licensing, Bargaining, and Product Positioning. SSRN Journal. Robinson, W. (1988). Marketing Mix Reactions to Entry. Marketing Science, 7(4), pp.368-385. Wang, C. (1997). Bases for International Market Segmentation. Journal of Segmentation in Marketing, 1(1), pp.5-21.
Thursday, April 9, 2020
Themes of medieval literature Flashcard
Themes of medieval literature
Monday, March 9, 2020
The Effect of Small Firms on the UK Economy and Governmental Policy â⬠Research Paper
The Effect of Small Firms on the UK Economy and Governmental Policy ââ¬â Research Paper Free Online Research Papers The Effect of Small Firms on the UK Economy and Governmental Policy Research Paper BACKGROUND Prime Minister Tony Blair has recently unveiled a à £50m fund to back budding entrepreneurs claiming that the UK ââ¬Ëneeds to embrace entrepreneurs in the modern world.ââ¬â¢ The Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, Stephen Byers, also announced details of proposals to boost enterprise and innovation in small businesses. Mr Byers said Enterprise and innovation are vital to improving Britains competitive position in the knowledge driven economy. The proposals set out in the last budget which include tax credits and incentives, indicate that the Government are working towards creating the right framework for businesses to thrive. The overall aim is to provide a stable environment and appropriate incentives for a vibrant enterprise culture. My dissertation will be based on small business marketing, as I work for a small business in the service sector and information is readily available. Areas of my studies which focus on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEââ¬â¢s) have become of great interest to me, especially as 55% of the UK workforce work for SMEââ¬â¢s and 92% of new jobs created are for small firms. There are 3.6million SMEââ¬â¢s, which employ less than one hundred people, in the UK. These firms play an increasingly important role in the success of the economy and government policies are currently being adapted to encourage entrepreneurs to become self-employed making this subject topical at the moment. I have been asked to carry out this project by the owner of Wiring Services, a local electrical contracting partnership currently employing ten people. The owner has no formal business qualifications and is striving to expand the business. RESEARCH QUESTION, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES I propose to study the following research question: A case study into Wiring Services, a local small business, and its marketing activities. The aims of this dissertation are to examine the current marketing strategy of Wiring Services, a typical local small enterprise. A critical appraisal of existing systems, processes and procedures will be carried out and recommendations offered to the owners with particular reference to how marketing can be used to drive the business forward in terms of growth. The Research Objectives: To examine the current marketing strategy of Wiring Services. To discover what motivated the owner to become self-employed and set up his own small business and what aims the owners are working towards for the business. To critically appraise existing marketing systems, processes and procedures currently in place to achieve the firmââ¬â¢s overall marketing strategy. To discuss the importance that maintaining customer satisfaction has in the contracting industry. To make recommendations after establishing how marketing can be used to help improve Wiring Servicesââ¬â¢ performance and to aid growth and development. This is a piece of applied research as it is ââ¬Ëâ⬠¦of direct and immediate relevance to managersââ¬â¢ (Saunders (1997)). The small business owner will find the research useful and the management of Wiring Services will act upon its findings. This research has elements of both exploratory and descriptive studies as the study will be explore small business marketing to clarify the nature of the issue faced by Wiring Services. The critical review will be descriptive LITERATURE REVIEW Marketing is an important function for both small and large firms. In the ever-changing and increasingly competitive marketplace, firmââ¬â¢s that identify unfulfilled needs and wants of target markets and deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than its competitors will more than likely become the successful market leader. In 1991, 96 per cent of firms in the UK employed less than twenty people and these firms accounted for around one third of non-government employment. During the 1980ââ¬â¢s there was a significant rise in the number of self-employed people in the UK. It has been argued people are more likely to become self-employed as they find it harder to find work (Mayes and Moir, 1990). Therefore perhaps the growth of small businesses may have more to do with the labour market than an increase in entrepreneurial flair. Research into marketing in small businesses has concluded that it is frequently under-utilised and misunderstood by small business owners/managers. Carsonââ¬â¢s study (1990) into small firms in Belfast, discovered that the marketing function is often seen as peripheral to small firmââ¬â¢s requirements. Many small firms, including Wiring Services, manage to achieve high turnover and profit without any formal marketing plans or systems which maybe why the small business owner often questions the importance of marketing unless there is a need for growth or expansion within the firm. However, on the other hand, conflicting information was given by Beam and Carey (1989) which suggested that small businesses are very aware of the need for marketing even if they do not always engage in its activities. The vast majority of marketing literature deals with the application of marketing and marketing planning in terms of the larger firm. Hogarth-Scott et al (1996) state that complex marketing theories and sophisticated formal processes are inappropriate to the small firm as they wouldnââ¬â¢t help the owners understand the markets in which they operate and the owners wouldnââ¬â¢t have the time or patience to digest or implement them. In small firms the owner has to be a generalist and is often involved in every decision from everyday issues such as customer enquiries and financial control to matters which arise less often such as employee recruitment. It is therefore wrong to suggest that they should become marketing specialists (Stanworth and Gray, 1991). Book sbank (1999) developed a four-phase marketing planning model to illustrate how the key marketing principles can be applied to the smaller business. SMEââ¬â¢s must utilise the advantages they have over their larger competitors rather than dwelling on the fact that they arenââ¬â¢t able to gain from the same economies of scale and have severe resource constraints. SMEââ¬â¢s are often far better at offering a friendly service as they are closer to and can talk to the customer, which is a vital source of competitive advantage (Hogarth-Scott et al 1996). As businesses move through the product life cycle stages towards growth, the need for strategic marketing planning and marketing information increases. The costs of such processes should be weighed against the increases risk and uncertainty which will result is marketing is ignored (Kenny and Dyson, 1989). This brief review of the limited amount of past research into small business marketing available suggests that marketing is important to small business owners and could help to expand firms and make SMEââ¬â¢s more successful in the increasingly turbulent and more competitive marketplace. Success is dependant on a strong customer focus (Hogarth-Scott, 1996), therefore small business owners would be expected to understand the need for marketing strategies. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS A case study approach will be adopted in which I will look at a local small enterprise in great detail. Robson (1993) defines case study asââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëthe development of detailed, intensive knowledge about a ââ¬Å"caseâ⬠.ââ¬â¢ The case study technique has been recommended as a useful strategy if the aim is to, ââ¬Ëgain a rich understanding of the context of the research and the processes being enacted (Morris and Wood, 1991). This is particularly relevant as one of the objectives of this research study is to appraise existing marketing processes and this can only be executed successfully with a thorough understanding of the small-business marketing topic. Saunders et al (1997) suggest that the case study technique is an extremely worthwhile way of exploring existing theory. Robson (1993) states that the case study approach has considerable ability to generate answers to the questions, why, what and how. The case study approach will aid the research study as it is necessary to discover, why marketing techniques should be adopted in the small business, what techniques and theories are best adapted to the needs of the small business, and how marketing should be implemented on a day to day basis. To complete this dissertation, two ways of collecting data will be utilised by conducting both primary and secondary research. Secondary research involves re-analysing data which has been collected by somebody else for another purpose. This data may not be wholly relevant to the research question but will help me gain background knowledge in small business marketing to help meet the aims and objectives of the dissertation. Secondary data can be either internal or external. Internal secondary data is data produced within the firm for purposes other than marketing decision making (Bellenger and Greenburg 1978). Secondary data, Wiring Services collects to support its day to day operations will be readily available and access to any relevant documents such as financial statements, letters, reports and brochures will not be a problem, as I have worked there a long time and know the owners very well. However when considering validity and reliability, the accuracy of such information must be considered. External secondary data will be collected from academic journals, textbooks, newspapers, Internet sites and perhaps government publications. If the secondary data within the journals are refereed then an academic has already concluded that the data is reliable. The reliability and validity of non-refereed sources must be considering when basing decisions upon them. Sound recommendations can only be made w hen based upon a wide range of in-depth, reliable knowledge of the subject. Extensive secondary research will give the recommendations made substantial weight. New primary research will also be conducted as a part of this dissertation. To design an appropriate research strategy that will meet the aims and objectives set out previously, the information needs should first be identified. Information regarding Wiring Serviceââ¬â¢s current marketing strategies, customer satisfaction levels and the ownersââ¬â¢ aspirations for the firm and are examples of the necessary information. The data required to produce this information also needs to be specified. Secondary data sources will be looked at first, as this is typically the least expensive approach and will provide the theoretical and academic underpinning needed to meet the objectives fully. The nature of the objectives however, require primary data to be collected which will complete the gap between the information needs and the secondary data available. There are two ways to obtain primary data, by communication (i.e. interviews) and by observation. Communication can be quicker a nd more versatile but observation is more objective and accurate. I propose to make use of both to benefit from the advantages of both methods. Case studies usually use a mixed methodology approach and various data collection methods are employed, usually interviews, observation, documentary analysis and questionnaires. This case study approach is ââ¬Ëunscientific in natureââ¬â¢ and I have decided to make this study wholly qualitative as quantitative data is numerical, collected in a standardised manner and analysed using diagrams and statistics which isnââ¬â¢t suitable to meet the objectives of this study. Qualitative research is any research acquiring data which is not subject to quantification or quantitative analysis. Qualitative research is unscientific, involves small samples and you cannot generalise from it. However it is arguably cheaper and aids understanding of feelings and motivations. The majority of past research into small business marketing have also been qualitative studies. PHASE ONE An interview is a purposeful discussion between two or more people (Kahn and Cannell, 1957). In an exploratory study such as this, in-depth interviews can be very helpful to, ââ¬Ëfind out what is happening and to seek new insightsââ¬â¢ (Robson 1993). I will interview the SMEââ¬â¢s owners to collect vital contextual data regarding the firmââ¬â¢s current stance on marketing and where the firm sees itself going in the future. Such interviews are associated with qualitative research, and considering the nature of the qualitative information required regarding the respondents thoughts and ideas on marketing principles, I believe the interview situation will be appropriate as it is gives you the flexibility to explore the complexity of the topic. Saunders et al (1997) state that the use of interviews, ââ¬Ëcan help you to gather valid and reliable data which are relevant to your research questions and objectivesââ¬â¢. Questionnaires would not be appropriate as responses are usually restricted to the options given and additional questions, which crop up as a result of an interesting answer canââ¬â¢t be immediately asked. With in-depth and semi-structured interviews validity is concerned with the extent to which the res earcher has gained full access to the knowledge and meanings of informants (Easterby-Smith (1991)). High levels of validity are possible with carefully constructed qualitative interviews and to achieve this I will use informant verification. Written accounts of the transcribed interview findings, which will include my own conclusions, will be presented to the interviewees for them to verify the content. This is a form of triangulation and also may bring up new ideas and interpretations, which didnââ¬â¢t immediately occur to the interviewer. Ethnocentrism will be avoided because if any conclusions are incorrectly assumed from what is said, the interviewee has the opportunity to correct the mistake. Reliability is concerned with whether similar results would be obtained if different researchers conducted similar research. In this case, whether alternative interviewers would discover similar information. Therefore interviewer, interviewee and response bias should be eliminated as much as possible and this isnââ¬â¢t drawn attention to in the paper. Reliability is a concern of non-standardised research methods such as in-depth interviews. However, the results are not really intended to be repeatable, as they reflect reality at the time they were collected, in a situation which may be subject to change (Marshall and Rossman 1989). Customers will also be interviewed using a semi-structured technique to ascertain how effectively Wiring Services are meeting the needs of their customers and to take note of any improvements that could be made. Depending upon how many customers take the time to be interviewed, this information may be more efficiently gathered using a focus group or group interview methodology. This will save time and money and also has the benefit of allowing a variety of points of view to be made and the group of around 8-10 people can respond and discuss their views. As only one SME will be investigated, it is highly questionable whether this sample is representative of the whole population. ââ¬ËGeneralisations about populations from data collected using any sample are based on probabilityââ¬â¢ (Saunders (1997)). Therefore, the larger the sample size, the more the results can be generalised from. However generalisation is not usually central to the purpose of qualitative data. PHASE TWO The first phase will consist of an ongoing participant observation process. Participant observation is qualitative where ââ¬Ëthe researcher attempts to participate fully in the activities of subjects and thus become a member of the group or organisation (Saunders 1997). It is used to attempt to get to the root of ââ¬Ëwhatââ¬â¢s going onââ¬â¢. Having worked for Wiring Services for 17 months full time whilst on placement and part time for almost two years advantage will be taken of the access to information. Here it will be discovered if the intended marketing strategy of the firm is actually carried though and delivered. A diary will be kept of any useful information relating to the marketing processes the firm adopts and any spoken reference made to the topic. Robson (1993) suggests that data collected in this manner be classed as ââ¬Ëdescriptive observationââ¬â¢ and a ââ¬Ënarrative accountââ¬â¢. The owners will be aware of my research as they commissio ned it and have said that they wonââ¬â¢t mind me taking notes as and when information arises. This will mean that primary observations will be made and notes taken of events as they happen in a diary. Saunders 1997, states that with participant observation research, data collection and analysis is part of the same process. The rough diary notes will be written up in a more systematic manner with the emphasis on generating a theory to help understanding of ââ¬Ëwhat is going onââ¬â¢. Qualitative analysis is problematic, as there is no standardised approach to it. All qualitative data will be analysed in order to understand and manage it. Key themes and patterns will be identified for further exploration to allow me to draw conclusions and make recommendations. This will be done by adopting a phenomenological approach which will not involve categorising or coding the qualitative data as the nature of the information gathered is specific to one company and these approaches arenââ¬â¢t relevant. Transcripts and notes from the qualitative interviews and observations will be used and thoroughly read and re-read them making keynotes from them. In order to make full recommendations of how and if marketing can help the firm expand and grow it is important to establish the firms current position in the marketplace. Information gathered from both the interviews and observations will be applied to Porterââ¬â¢s Model of competitive behaviour to establish if the mo st useful strategy is currently adopted. SWOT and PEST analyses will give an insight into the external environment in which the firm operates and the opportunities and threats posed by external sources. TIMESCALE There is only one deadline for this piece of research, which is the final submission date. In order to manage the time available most efficiently and to avoid stress a gantt chart has been constructed and is contained in appendix 1. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Access to internal information should not be a problem as the owners of Wiring Services fully support this research project. Therefore all observations are overt and no secrecy will be involved. However some of the internal secondary data which I will collect such as financial information may be of a sensitive nature and it is important to keep this information 100% confidential, private and away from individuals who are not permitted to gain such knowledge including other employees. I have already been granted permission to interview the firmââ¬â¢s customers. Throughout the interviews questioning shouldnââ¬â¢t be over-zealous and the situation shouldnââ¬â¢t be stressful for the interviewees. Interviews will be arranged at times suitable to all parties to avoid conflict. The interviewees will be given the right to decline to answer some questions if they prefer. RESOURCES In terms of a budget for this research study, all elements will be relatively inexpensive with no postage costs. Arranging interviews with customers will be carried out over the telephone and permission has been given to use the phone in the office for this purpose. The major cost may be time from work taken out to conduct interviews and focus groups, this will cost Wiring Services money, however the benefits of the study far outweigh this cost. Travel to customers officesââ¬â¢ will be covered by company expenses in the researchers company car. CONCLUSION According to Johnson (1994), research should be: ââ¬ËA focused and systematic enquiry that goes beyond generally available knowledge to acquire specialised and detailed information, providing a basis for analysis and elucidatory comment on the topic of enquiry.ââ¬â¢ This can be interpreted to mean that all research, whether applied or academic, should be carefully planned and structured with a clear methodology to provide new information which will enlighten the reader. Research Papers on The Effect of Small Firms on the UK Economy and Governmental Policy - Research PaperOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneTwilight of the UAWMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self
Saturday, February 22, 2020
HALTH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
HALTH - Essay Example The findings from the interview would be summarized to respond to the following question: ââ¬Å"Does marital satisfaction decrease with children? Two different sets of married couples were interviewed. One set had been married for more than five years and have three children. The other set of couples had been married for seven years but they did not have any children. The results of the interview are presented in tabular format as shown below: From the results of the interview, it could be deduced that marital satisfaction does not only depend on the factor of raising children. For both sets of couples, it could be observed that both were relatively happy and satisfied (with or without children). It is therefore evident that couples indeed would have wanted to have children, if given the chance. For the couples without children, it was relayed that they wanted to raise them but since the wife was already in her late or mature age when they got married, biological reasons prevented them doing so. As such, they learned to accept the fact that they could not have children and it was evident from their relationship that their satisfaction and happiness was not diminished by not having children. For the couple with three children, it was noted that children provided them with happiness that strengthened their marital bond. There were challenges in terms of meeting financial obligations and supporting the needs of the children; but this was accepted to be part of life. It was noted to have actually helped in striving to work harder to support the childrenââ¬â¢s needs and to try as much as they can to avail of much entertainment, leisure and relaxation as they could possibly accommodate. Overall, the interview results indicated that although children could have significantly contributed to providing happiness and a sense of fulfillment to married couples, this is not the sole factor that determines marital satisfaction. Even couples who do not have
Wednesday, February 5, 2020
Media and Cultural Landscapes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Media and Cultural Landscapes - Essay Example Most of my medium consumption happened using telecommunication gadgets such as mobile phones. Other activities that are part of media consumption entail playing online games, reading newspapers and charting over the social network sites. Lastly, I read posters and other forms of public advertisement. This paper discusses on the effects that media consumption has on the ââ¬Å"Corporations, Social & Environmental Responsibilityâ⬠and theories of the consumer to the society. 1. Corporations, social & environmental responsibility and reading magazines This involves the communitiesââ¬â¢ activities towards promoting their general welfare. It is evident that reading magazines promotes CRS among population globally through encouraging enlightenment in populations. Using media organizations and individuals can initiate development projects while being guided by information from magazines (Aggarwal, & Gupta 2001). In addition, persons make ethically accepted choices in terms of behavi our within communities through reading about moral practices. However, reading magazines has not influenced peoples habits compared to watching television. Through reading magazines, I get information on the current happenings in both political and fiscal events within the country. Straubhaar, Larose & Davenport (2012) asserts that newspapers apart from educating the masses, they are a massive literature source for entertainment to the public. The foremost part of this study will discuss reading magazines as the first act of consumption thereafter, reading magazines by different audiences. Magazine in this case applies to informative written materials such as newspapers and trade journals (Sparks 2012). Through reading publications, I was able to get an insight on the happenings that promoted CSR within the country. Media enhanced my knowledge for understanding the use of technology and other forms of improvements such as the innovation of electronic commerce activities. It happened after reading manuals and other writings about the use of electronic equipments. According to Aggarwal, & Gupta, (2001), media acts as a source of revenue for practitioners in the reporting field such as journalists. Media can act as a tool for promoting nationalism among populations. Through media, institutions have been able to conduct research in various fields of practice such as science and art. Media use is for the public good like promoting ethics within populations (Sparks 2012). Ideas from magazine articles help in creating awareness for urgent CSR issues requiring critical attention. Likewise, authorities use media to develop nationalism by encouraging citizens to read. It increases literacy levels of individuals, and it is the best mode communicating at speed within communities. Public relations are an integral part of mass media, which greatly contribute towards effective communication by individuals. In the current technologically advanced era, organizations strongly f ocus towards providing superior cooperate assistance to various communities (Straubhaar, & Larose 2006). Ideally, journalists have the requisite capacity to investigate communal needs and expectations regarding specific projects that would improve their social and environmental setting. CSR is vital for institutions to give back realized fortunes to locals through identified projects to strengthen the existing bond between the corporation and community members. According
Tuesday, January 28, 2020
Communication Strategies in Nursery Settings
Communication Strategies in Nursery Settings This essay will be exploring the importance of effective communication strategies within nursery settings; also highlighting potential barriers which could be faced by practitioners and managers. It will also be discussing the benefits of staff appraisals, along with implementation strategies for appraisals, grievance and disciplinary procedures. Employment processes will also be discussed within this essay, with particular reference to policies which must be in place within nurseries; in compliance with national standards. Effective management within a setting is important as ââ¬Å"the quality of management is one of the most important factors in the success of any organisationâ⬠(Mullins, 2010, P.786). In order to become an effective manager background knowledge and understanding of certain areas is required. Communication takes place within the daily running of a nursery through many different forms, including; verbal and non-verbal communication. However communication may be misread by the receiver if the communicatorââ¬â¢s facial expressions, body language or lack of eye contact is misleading; a good connection between the communicator and receiver is essential as it ensure the message is received correctly. Effective communication ensures good working practice and a welcoming atmosphere within settings for practitioners, children and parents. ââ¬Å"Communication is therefore a central component of effective business operationsâ⬠(Hargle, et al, 2004). Although managers must practice good communication skills with their staff team, it is a two-way process requiring all participants to effectively practice these skills; ensuring positive outcomes. However this is not always possible, as some participants are not always willing to listen to or accept others ideas or opinions. By becoming active listenersââ¬â¢ individuals are consciously practising effective listening skills and promoting good practice; however this may not always happen in daily practice, as the environment plays an important role in effective communication. If the setting is busy or not all members of staff are in the same area, communication would therefore be more difficult; resulting in some messages not being passed on or forgotten. There are three general categories for communication; aggressive, assertive and passive. Good managers and leaders aim to be assertive communicators, to ensure the goal is reached but also ensuring all parties feel valued. Whereas passive and aggressive communication are not effective forms of communication for leaders and managers; as passive communicators do not like to put their ideas forward and go along with others to avoid conflict. Aggressive communicators are ââ¬Å"generally perceived as selfish and unwilling to compromiseâ⬠(About.com, 2012). These will form barriers to effective communication as some recipients will not be willing to listen to aggressive communications, as they may feel they are being dictated to. The ability to guide practitioners through situations which may arise ensures effective leadership and positive outcomes for children. Although managers are required to implement new requirements, such as the reformed EYFS, many members of staff may not be comfortable with the change. ââ¬Å"Effective leaders understand that any organisational change can have a major impact on the lives of those involved or affected by itâ⬠(Rood, 2006, P.186). The leadership continuum, developed by Tannenbaum and Schmidt, shows ââ¬Å"a range of action related to the degree of authority used by the manager and to the area of freedom available to non-managers in arriving at decisionsâ⬠(Mullins, 2007, P.372). Effective leadership empowers staff members to work towards a shared goal, achieving positive outcomes for children, practitioners and the setting. To achieve this, leaders must inspire others through positive role modelling, collaboration, open-ended conversation and encouragement. Isabelle Albaneseââ¬â¢s 4 Cs of communication are comprehension, credibility, connection and contagiousness. ââ¬Å"The 4Cs quickly provide a pocket tool to evaluate the effectiveness of every kind of communicationâ⬠(PMP, 2014); ensuring communication is precise, understood, captivating and progressing in achieving goals. Therefore by using the 4 Cs managers and practitioners alike are able to focus on essential information within their communication, ensuring the effective running of the nursery. Appraisals are usually carried out within nursery settings on an annual basis, in order to discuss evaluate and track individual practitionerââ¬â¢s performance, progress and future ambitions; with particular reference to training needs and future professional targets. The appraisal form provides a documented account of what has been discussed by management and staff members, with a signed copy of individual action targets agreed by all parties involved in the process. It must also comply with the UK Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006, which states that ââ¬Å"It is unlawful to discriminate, harass or victimise job applicants, employees or trainees on the grounds of ageâ⬠(Compact law, 1996-2014); all correspondence recorded in the appraisal process should not discriminate against the individual due to their age, race, religion or disability. Management training on how to deliver effective appraisal is beneficial as it ensures management are motivating their staff to reach their full potential; whereas ineffective appraisals will make practitioners feel demotivated in their job role. Effective appraisal systems must measure, debate and plan individual development and targets, generating useful feedback in both directions (Hay, 2008). Appraisals also offer practitioners the chance to voice their opinions and ideas on the running of the nursery; therefore managers must be open to ideas and opinions of their staff in order to maintain positive working relationships and improve their setting in the best interests of staff and children. Appraisals are a chance for both managers and practitioners to raise any concerns they may have over working practice, whilst also reflecting on their own performance within their role; both positive and negative. However some practitioners may see appraisals as a chance for management to be ne gative and list issues they may have; therefore it is essential for managers to take into account the views and opinions of practitioners, and offer constructive targets for improvements. ââ¬Å"New staff should be given copies of policies and procedures as part of the induction process and given the opportunity to discuss them with their line managerâ⬠(Daly, et al, 2009, P.287).This should include the nurseryââ¬â¢s appraisal policy, and should be easily accessible for practitioners to access when they require. The policy should clearly state what is expected from both practitioners and management during the appraisal process. Employees are often required to fill out an appraisal form prior to meeting with management, where they are able to reflect upon their own job performance. It is important for managers to provide practitioners with the last yearââ¬â¢s appraisal, to allow them to reflect on whether they have achieved their own personal development targets; also giving them the chance to complete targets they may feel they havenââ¬â¢t achieved. However it could be argued that self-appraisal should be continuous practice throughout the year, in order to maintain high standards of care and learning for the children. ââ¬Å"Self-appraisal should not only be seen as part of the appraisal process. It is also, in a more or less informal way, a regular feature of nursery workâ⬠(Sadek and Sadek, 2004, P.140). Performance appraisals are a good tool in identifying particular individuals who are progressing well in their job role, and who may be eligible to progress to the next pay and job level; within some bigger nurseries. They also prove worthwhile in motivating individuals within their role, through personalised discussion and development targets. ââ¬Å"Managers of effective settings provide intellectual stimulation for their staff, along with respectful individualised supportâ⬠(Miller, et al, 2012, P.288). Although the appraisal process provides a private personalised time where individuals are able to discuss their concerns with managers, it is important for managers to address any pertinent issues with staff as they arise. This therefore ensures that issues are resolves quickly and effectively, rather than being left to escalate. However this is not always possible within larger nurseries whether staff members do not always come into contact with management. Like the appraisal policy the disciplinary and grievances procedures must be clearly set out within a policy, and kept in an easily accessible place for employees to refer to as required. These procedures ensure the safety and protection of all staff in the setting; in accordance with the ACAS code of practice and current legislation, including the Employment Act 2008. They provide ââ¬Å"clear and transparent structures for dealing with difficulties which may arise as part of the working relationships from either the employers or employees perspectiveâ⬠(CIPD, 2014). The policies should also set out what is expected from staff members, in relation to their conduct; therefore trying to avoid such issues; however this is not always possible. Issues which may arise include lateness, capability, bullying and performance of individual practitioners. Disciplinary and grievance procedures aim to deal with these issues in house, without the involvement of a tribunal. The three stages of the disciplinary procedure are as follows; issuing a letter to the employee, a meeting between management and the employee and then finally a chance for an appeal. The ACAS code of practice states that ââ¬Å"employers would be well advised to keep a written record of and disciplinary or grievances cases they deal withâ⬠(ACAS, 2009, P.2). This is an important aspect of the procedure, as the records provide evidence in case the issue goes to an employment tribunal. Training is essential in order for management to conduct an effective disciplinary interview; ââ¬Å"Having the appropriate training and knowledge enables you to be in control and manage any situations that ariseâ⬠(Niched, 2012). Employees should be given advanced notice of the meeting in the form of a letter, at least 72 hours prior to the meeting. All facts surrounding the case should be examined and investigated prior to the meeting, ensuring management are aware of all the facts. It is essential that another member of management records notes during the meeting, to guarantee that evidence is collected in case a tribunal is called. All parties involved must be able to put their side across, with plenty of time; this may include relevant witnesses to the case. In order for the manager to make an informed decision they must remain impartial during the meeting, then deliver the verdict to the employee in writing; along with information in case they wish to appeal the verdict. In conclusion to the interview the outcome may involve no action being taken, a warning being issued or the dismissal of the employee. The manager with decide which of these outcomes is appropriate due to the nature of the case; however they must be able to prove their decision is appropriate and reasonable. Instead of filing a formal procedure employees should be able to approach their managers on a daily basis to discuss any issues; however they may not always feel comfortable doing this. The employment of new staff within nursery settings follows three stages; advertisement, selection and recruitment and induction. Nurseries are required to have policies in place to reflect these stages, stating how they aim to employ high quality staff whilst maintaining equal opportunities for all applicants. The wide deployment of advertisements at the same time allows a wider range of applicants to apply for the job, with equal time to apply. The vacancy should be advertised to all areas of the community, which is essential to maintain equal opportunities. To select potential candidates from all the applications managers must review their curriculum vitae against the job description. This is an effective way to avoid discrimination, as they are not being deterred by race, gender or age; it is focussing on their individual skills and attributes, which are appropriate to the role. Having two members of management involved in selecting new members of staff promotes equal opportunities and avoids discrimination; all decisions should be recorded and delivered in writing. Settings must have an induction policy which clearly sets out how new staff will be introduced to the setting; effectively informing them of the daily running of the nursery and settling them into the environment. This should also include the new member of staff being given the nursery policies to look at, making them aware of the policies and procedures; also identifying children with particular needs or allergies. This is an effective tool during the induction as it avoids mistakes being made, for example a child with a dairy intolerance being given milk to drink by accident. In an ideal world the shadowing of a current member of staff would provide the new employee with a mentor and a chance to familiarise themselves with the daily running of the setting. However this is not always the case or possible within settings, as due to the busy nature of the environment existing staff members may not have the time to show them certain things; resulting in the new employee not gaining the relevant knowledge needed. The staff development policy must take into account the ever changing needs of the children in the setting, as well as the changes in legal requirements; such as the reformed Early Years Foundation stage. The key elements of effective practice (KEEP) states that effective practitioners must have, ââ¬Å"knowledge and understanding in order to actively support and extend childrenââ¬â¢s learning in and across all areas and aspects of learningâ⬠(Surestart, 2005, P.3). Individual staff personal development plans identify the training needs of individuals, ensuring they receive this training is essential as high quality care and education is important in ensuring positive outcomes for all children. ââ¬Å"Effective practice in the early years requires committed, enthusiastic and reflective practitioners with a breadth and depth of knowledge, skills and understandingâ⬠(Wilcock, 2012, P.50). The settings promotion policy should clearly set out how promotions will be identifie d and given at appropriate times, in accordance with the recruitment policy and equal opportunities; staff appraisals also help to identify potential candidates for promotion. In conclusion effective communication is essential within nursery settings to ensure the smooth daily running of the setting, whilst also achieving the highest outcomes for children. There are many potential barriers to effective communication, which must be overcome by all practitioners to maintain effective practice, and positive working environments. Appraisals are an important factor within staff development as they identify positive aspects of practice, whilst also identifying improvement targets; improving the environment and care of the children. Disciplinary and grievance procedures must be carried out effectively in order to resolve issues quickly and appropriately, within the best interests of all involved. The employment of new staff should reflect equal opportunities, whilst retaining high quality staff appropriate to the role.
Monday, January 20, 2020
Symbols and Symbolism in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie Essay
Symbols and Symbolism in Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie à The Glass Menagerie illustrates how Tennessee Williams incorporates symbols to help express the central theme of the play. One of the recurring symbols, apparent throughout the play, is that of the "glass menagerie" - symbolic of Laura herself. Another symbol for Laura is the glass unicorn. Still another symbol is that of the picture of the father - symbolic of freedom. These symbols play an important part in the development of the plot, as well as the theme of the play. The glass figurines that reside in Laura's menagerie are symbolic of Laura herself. Laura is "like a piece of her own glass collection, too exquisitely fragile to move from the shelf" (849). Because of a slight defect, magnified several times over by her own mind, Laura's self image is as fragile as her collection. Because of her low self image, she is extremely withdrawn, even to the point of avoiding contact with others as much as is possible. Laura escapes "to the world of her menagerie where she is safe from the world of people" (Kahn 74)... Symbols and Symbolism in Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie Essay Symbols and Symbolism in Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie à The Glass Menagerie illustrates how Tennessee Williams incorporates symbols to help express the central theme of the play. One of the recurring symbols, apparent throughout the play, is that of the "glass menagerie" - symbolic of Laura herself. Another symbol for Laura is the glass unicorn. Still another symbol is that of the picture of the father - symbolic of freedom. These symbols play an important part in the development of the plot, as well as the theme of the play. The glass figurines that reside in Laura's menagerie are symbolic of Laura herself. Laura is "like a piece of her own glass collection, too exquisitely fragile to move from the shelf" (849). Because of a slight defect, magnified several times over by her own mind, Laura's self image is as fragile as her collection. Because of her low self image, she is extremely withdrawn, even to the point of avoiding contact with others as much as is possible. Laura escapes "to the world of her menagerie where she is safe from the world of people" (Kahn 74)...
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Mindful Eating Essay
Mindful Eating can be understood as eating with full awareness about what you are eating, where and what is going on around you while eating. Today, in this busy life of ours, we are unable to have mindful eating, and rather we do mindless eating, i.e. simply eating, without paying much attention to food and the happenings nearby. Mindful eating is all about paying attention to our food and cherish the moment. According to mindful eating, we shall notice our food, its colour, its flavour, its aroma and enjoy our food to the maximum. Multi-tasking while eating, that is watching T.V, reading newspaper, talking etc. leads to mindless eating and thus leads to overeating. In order to practice mindful eating, some of the following points are to be taken into consideration- * Notice your Food, i.e notice its aroma, its texture, its flavour. * Avoid Multi-tasking while eating. * Take small bites and chew your food properly. (32-times) * Eat only half of your stomach. Donââ¬â¢t eat for a stomach full! * Eat only when you are hungry, donââ¬â¢t wait to exaggerate your hunger! * Have Good and heavy Brunch and a light dinner. * Donââ¬â¢t drink water immediately after having food, wait for at least 20 mins. * Always eat in groups, but avoid talking while having food. * Cherish your Food. Mindful living helps you in cherishing every moment of your life and stay happy. Mindful eating is the first step one can take towards mindful living.
Saturday, January 4, 2020
Gang Resistance Education And Training - 1381 Words
Unit 4 DB 1 Introduction Gangs violence and there way they treat citizens within their neighborhood has also ways been a problem. Gangs have a way of taking over like cancer and pulling in our children, by offering them a better family life, one that will protect them and love them always, no school, power, promotion, and respect based on the gang that they join, and the colors they pledge to honor and protect. Citizens are always afraid of them and at times will let them take over their neighborhood and children, because they feel helpless, powerless and that nothing can be done, but there is a way and that way is finding programs that will help save their children and give them some coping skills that will help them to make positive friends, choices, and respect the right way. One of these programs is called G.R.E.A.T. G.R.E.A.T Background G.R.E.A.T. (Gang Resistance Education And Training) was developed in 1991, by Phoenix Police Department to reduce teenage participation in criminal behavior and gangs, so ââ¬Å"a combined effort was created with the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) and the Phoenix Police Department (PPD), and began as an eight-lesson middle school curriculumâ⬠(ââ¬Å"History of theâ⬠,n.d.). Additional instructors, officers and law enforcement agencies where added help manage the program. These agencies were: Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Police Department; La Crosse, Wisconsin, Police Department; Portland, Oregon, Police Bureau; FederalShow MoreRelatedGang Resistance Education and Training2647 Words à |à 11 PagesGang Resistance Education and Training Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T) is a national program that educates elementary and middle school children how to avoid becoming a gang member. The program is instructed by police officers and is part classroom instruction and other learning activities. ââ¬Å"The goal of the GREAT program is to teach youth how to set goals for themselves, how to resist peer pressure, how to resolve conflicts, and how gangs can affect the quality of their livesRead MoreThe Gang Resistance Education And Training ( Great ) Program1298 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe creation for the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) program, Americaââ¬â¢s inner cities was experiencing a substantial increase of gang membership along the youth living in impoverished communities. During the early 1990s, many viewed gang activity as a particular communityââ¬â¢s problem, but as youth and gang violence was increasing drastically across the United Statesââ¬â¢ inner cities, the publicââ¬â¢s perception about this social issue changed. Due to the rapid rise of gang violence and youth membershipRead MoreEssay about Gang Resistance Education and Training Program2439 Words à |à 10 PagesGang Resistance Education and Training Program Alian Cruz CRJ 305: Crime Prevention Ann Meek 08 OCT, 2011 For my final paper I am going to talk about a program that in my eyes is a great way for our youth to receive different views and healthy choices when it comes to avoiding and confronting gangs or gang members. Gang Resistance Education and Training, abbreviated G.R.E.A.T., and provides a school-based, police officer instructed program that includes classroom instruction and various learningRead MoreNew York Youth Center ( N.y.y.c )962 Words à |à 4 Pagesunder great pressure from peers. There are other similar programs that relate to N.Y.Y.C. Two well-known programs are Gang Resistance Education and Training and the Parent-Child Development Center. 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In Chicago Mr. Sanchez a member of the Latin Kings gang shared in an interview: How the Latin Kings were originally formed decades ago to protect the Puerto Rican communityRead MoreExecutive Summary America s Most Popular Anti Drug Program Essay801 Words à |à 4 Pagesespecially salient topic for school psychologists and other educational professionals. Schools are the primary setting for providing education and information aimed at the prevention of drug abuse. Previous meta-analysesâ⬠(Ennett, et al., 1994; West O Neal, 2004) indicate that one of the nation s most popular drug prevention programs, the Drug Abuse Resistance Education program (D.A.R.E.), was not effective in reducing illicit drug use among youths. Current evaluations have produced an array of evidenceRead MoreIntervention Of All Ineffective Delinquency Prevention Programs Essay903 Words à |à 4 PagesDrug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) is a City of Los Angeles Government substance abuse prevention education program that seeks to prevent the use of controlled drugs, membership in gangs, and violent behavior. Founded in Los Angeles in 1983 as a joint initiative of the-LAPD chief Daryl Gates and the Los Angeles Unified School District as a demand-side drug control strategy of the American War on Drugs. Students who enter the program sign a pledge not to use drugs or join gangs and are informedRead MoreWhy Gangs Can Be Harmful At Risk Youth1623 Words à |à 7 PagesGangs are not a new phenomenon, or a new problem. Gangs have been around for a long time, and will continue to grow and transform throughout the world. I have viewed gangs in a negative manner, and have carried a false misconception of what exactly a gang is. Television and media is partially to blame for societyââ¬â¢s view on gangs and gang violence. Today, there are dozens of ââ¬Å"realityâ⬠television shows about gangs. It is no surprise the information that we take in through television on the topic ofRead MoreCauses Of Gang And Gang Violence1446 Words à |à 6 PagesGang and gang vio lence has always been an ongoing problem within the country. Street gangs have evolved into some of the most notorious group associated with murders and killings that law enforcement agencies have encountered. Gang violence has become one of the most serious crime problem happening in the country that involves physical assaults, drive-by shootings, homicides, robberies, prostitutions, and home-invasion along with a long list of criminal activities. It had occurred and multipliedRead MoreProblem Solution Essay1641 Words à |à 7 PagesProblem solution essay Final Draft. 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